1 Biosynthesis of Cellulose.- 1 Cell Wall Composition.- 1.1 Cellulose.- 1.2 Hemicelluloses.- 1.3 Pectic Substances.- 1.4 Cell Wall Proteins.- 1.5 Lignin.- 1.6 Interaction Between Cell Wall Polymers.- 1.7 Changes in Content of Cell Wall Components.- 1.8 Possible Mechanisms of Endogenous Regulation of Cellulose Biosynthesis.- 1.8.1 Genetic Regulation.- 1.8.2 Regulation of Enzymatic Activity.- 1.8.3 Membrane Regulation.- 1.8.4 Substrate Regulation.- 1.8.5 Energetic Regulation.- 2 Objects Useful for the Study of the Synthesis of Cell Wall Polysaccharides.- 2.1 Cotton Fiber.- 2.2 Acetobacteria.- 2.3 Isolated Protoplasts.- 2.4 Methods for Extraction of Cell Wall Polysaccharides.- 3 Sequence of Reactions of Biosynthesis of Cellulose and Other Structural Polysaccharides.- 3.1 Production of Nucleoside Diphosphate Glucose in Photosynthetic Cells.- 3.2 Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars as Intermediates in the Synthesis of Polysaccharides.- 3.3 On the Role of Membrane-bound Lipids and Proteins as Intermediates in the Synthesis of Matrix Polysaccharides.- 3.4 Callose as a Possible Intermediate in the Synthesis of Cellulose.- 3.5 Synthesis of Cell Wall Proteins.- 4 Synthesis of Structural Polysaccharides: Localization of Reaction Sites.- 4.1 On the Role of Golgi Apparatus in the Synthesis of Hemicelluloses and Pectic Substances.- 4.2 Synthesis of Cellulose in the Plasmalemma and Properties of the Cellulose Synthetase Complexes.- 4.3 Inhibitors of Cellulose Biosynthesis.- 4.4 Influence of Microtubules on the Orientation of Cellulose Microfibrils.- 4.5 Chitin.- 4.6 Changes in the Synthesis of Structural Polysaccharides Caused by Lead Nitrate and Pipolfen.- 5 Dependence of Intensity of Cellulose Synthesis on Substrate Concentration.- 5.1 Experiments with Cotton Fibers.- 5.2 Experiments with Wheat Leaves.- 5.3 Approaches to Increase the Content of Substrates of Cellulose Synthesis.- 6 The Effect of Energy Conditions of Cells on the Biosynthesis of Cellulose.- 6.1 Experiments with Wheat Leaves.- 6.2 Experiments with Cotton Fibers.- 7 The Effect of Hormones on the Biosynthesis of Structural Polysaccharides.- 7.1 The Mechanism of Hormone Action.- 7.2 Acidification of Cell Walls.- 7.3 Loosening of Cell Walls.- 7.4 Enhancement of Cellulose Biosynthesis.- 7.5 The Effect of Phytohormones on the Synthesis of Cotton-Fiber Cellulose.- 8 Effects of Cultivation Conditions on Cell Wall Regeneration by Isolated Protoplasts.- 8.1 Culturing of Protoplasts in the Light and its Influence on the Synthesis of Structural Polysaccharides.- 8.2 The Dynamics of Ultrastructural Changes and Intensity of Structural Polysaccharide Formation in the Course of Cell Wall Regeneration.- 9 The Effect of Climate and Soil Conditions on Cellulose Biosynthesis.- 9.1 The Effect of Temperature.- 9.2 The Effect of Dehydration.- 9.3 The Effect of Illumination.- 9.4 The Effect of Mineral Nutrition.- 10 Conclusion.- References.- II Cellulose Structure.- 1 General Notes and Definitions.- 2 The Constitution of Cellulose.- 3 Cellulose Configuration.- 4 Cellulose Conformation.- 4.1 Conformation of Glycosidic Centers.- 4.2 Conformation of the Isolated Cellulose Helix.- 5 Equilibrium and Kinetic Rigidity of Cellulose Macromolecular Chain and Some of its Derivatives in Solution.- 5.1 Hydrodynamic Properties of Cellulose Derivatives.- 5.2 Dynamooptical Properties of Cellulose Derivatives.- 5.3 Electrooptical Properties of Cellulose Derivatives.- 5.4 Light Scattering of Solutions of Cellulose Derivatives and Equilibrium Rigidity of their Molecules.- 6 Thermodynamic Properties of Cellulose and its Satellites.- 6.1 Modeling of Thermodynamic Properties of Cellulose and its Satellites.- 6.2 The Influence of Adsorbed Water on Thermochemical Properties of Cellulose.- 6.3 Effect of Chemical Nonuniformity on Thermochemical Properties of Cellulose.- 7 Theoretical Methods of Modeling of Conformational Properties of Cellulose and its Derivatives.- 7.1 Concentration Dependence of Medium Size Semirigid Macrom

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