|
|
|
ix | |
| Foreword |
|
xvii | |
|
|
| Acknowledgments |
|
xxvii | |
|
Chapter 1 Converting the Indians in Sixteenth-Century Central Mexico to Christianity |
|
|
1 | (24) |
|
Arrival of the Franciscan Missionaries |
|
|
5 | (13) |
|
Conversion and the Theory of "Cultural Fatigue" |
|
|
18 | (7) |
|
Chapter 2 From Spiritual Conquest to Parish Administration in Colonial Central Mexico |
|
|
25 | (12) |
|
Partial Survival of the Ancient Calendar |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Life in the Indian Parishes of Colonial Central Mexico |
|
|
32 | (5) |
|
Chapter 3 A Trilingual, Traditionalist Indigenous Area in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
37 | (16) |
|
|
|
40 | (8) |
|
Three Languages with a Shared Totonac Substratum |
|
|
48 | (5) |
|
Chapter 4 Introduction of Christianity in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
53 | (10) |
|
Chapter 5 Local Religious Crises in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries |
|
|
63 | (18) |
|
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
Juan, Cacique of Matlatlan |
|
|
67 | (3) |
|
Miguel del Aguila, Cacique of Xicotepec |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Pagan Festivals in Tutotepec |
|
|
71 | (3) |
|
|
|
74 | (7) |
|
Chapter 6 The Tutotepec Otomi Rebellion, 1766-1769 |
|
|
81 | (48) |
|
|
|
81 | (17) |
|
Discussion and Interpretation |
|
|
98 | (31) |
|
Chapter 7 Contemporary Traditions in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
129 | (18) |
|
Worship of Tutelary Mountains |
|
|
130 | (5) |
|
Shrines and Sacred Constructions |
|
|
135 | (12) |
|
Chapter 8 Sacred Drums, Teponaztli, and Idols from the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
147 | (32) |
|
The Huehuetl, or Vertical Drum |
|
|
147 | (7) |
|
The Teponaztli, or Female Drum |
|
|
154 | (19) |
|
Ancient and Recent Idols in Shrines |
|
|
173 | (6) |
|
Chapter 9 Traditional Indigenous Festivities in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
179 | (34) |
|
The Ancient Festival of San Juan Techachalco at Xicotepec |
|
|
179 | (6) |
|
The Annual Festivity of the Tepetzintla Totonacs |
|
|
185 | (13) |
|
Memories of Annual Festivities in Other Villages |
|
|
198 | (5) |
|
|
|
203 | (10) |
|
Chapter 10 Elements and Accessories of Traditional Native Ceremonies |
|
|
213 | (22) |
|
Oblations and Accompanying Rites |
|
|
213 | (4) |
|
Prayers, Singing, Music, and Dancing |
|
|
217 | (3) |
|
Ritual Idols and Figurines |
|
|
220 | (5) |
|
|
|
225 | (10) |
|
Chapter 11 Christian Festivities in the Villages of the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
235 | (20) |
|
Annual Cycle of Christian Festivities |
|
|
235 | (5) |
|
|
|
240 | (4) |
|
|
|
244 | (3) |
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Dances in Village Christian Festivities |
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
Principal Dances in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
250 | (5) |
|
Chapter 12 Dances That Originated in the Pre-Hispanic Period |
|
|
255 | (70) |
|
|
|
257 | (23) |
|
Dance of the Scarlet Macaws, or Guacamayas |
|
|
280 | (11) |
|
Dance of the Green Woodpeckers, or Tejoneros |
|
|
291 | (34) |
|
Chapter 13 Dances That Originated during the Colonial Period |
|
|
325 | (26) |
|
Dance of the Moors and Christians |
|
|
325 | (2) |
|
Dance of the Santiagueros, or the People of Saint James |
|
|
327 | (3) |
|
|
|
330 | (3) |
|
|
|
333 | (4) |
|
Dance of the Negroes, or Negritos |
|
|
337 | (6) |
|
Dance of the Old Men, or Huehues |
|
|
343 | (3) |
|
Dance of Toreros, Dance of the Horsemen |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Dances of Secondary Importance |
|
|
347 | (4) |
|
Chapter 14 Holders of Indigenous Wisdom |
|
|
351 | (22) |
|
The True Ancient Indigenous "Learned Men" |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Rejection of Ancient Traditions |
|
|
352 | (9) |
|
Current Holders of Traditional Indigenous Wisdom |
|
|
361 | (9) |
|
Divinatory Use of Hallucinogenic Mushrooms |
|
|
370 | (3) |
|
Chapter 15 Relics of the Mesoamerican Calendar in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
373 | (44) |
|
The Ancient Mesoamerican 260-Day Calendar |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
Remnants of the Ancient Mesoamerican Calendar |
|
|
375 | (6) |
|
The Totonac 260-Day Calendar |
|
|
381 | (15) |
|
A Comparison of the Divinatory Value of Totonac and Aztec Days |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
The Totonac 365-Day Calendar |
|
|
397 | (5) |
|
Discussion of the Totonac and Aztec 18-Month Systems |
|
|
402 | (6) |
|
Secular Ties between the Teotihuacanos and Totonacs |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
The Nahuatl Calendar in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
410 | (7) |
|
Chapter 16 Beliefs about the Formation and the End of the World |
|
|
417 | (44) |
|
Ancient Mesoamerican Myths |
|
|
417 | (4) |
|
Indigenous Traditions and the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
421 | (32) |
|
Beliefs about the End of the World among Today's Indians of the Sierra de Puebla |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Semi-Christian Legends about the Formation of the World |
|
|
454 | (7) |
|
Chapter 17 Cosmology: The World in the Eyes of the Indians of the Sierra de Puebla |
|
|
461 | (24) |
|
General Conception of the World |
|
|
461 | (3) |
|
The Heavens and the Stars |
|
|
464 | (4) |
|
Indian Ideas Regarding the Earth |
|
|
468 | (4) |
|
Indian Ideas about Fire, Water, and Air (or Wind) |
|
|
472 | (4) |
|
Indigenous Ideas on Living Beings |
|
|
476 | (3) |
|
Indigenous Thoughts on the Diversity of Humankind |
|
|
479 | (6) |
|
Chapter 18 The Souls of Beings and Things |
|
|
485 | (28) |
|
The Pre-Hispanic Idea of the Three Souls of Each Individual |
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
Ancient Aztec Beliefs on the Fate of Souls after Death |
|
|
487 | (2) |
|
Evolution of Indian Ideas on the Soul after the Spanish Conquest |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
Mexican Church's Stance on the Fate of the Indian's Soul |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
Indigenous Beliefs on the Soul in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
493 | (10) |
|
Beliefs on the Fate of Souls after Death |
|
|
503 | (8) |
|
Beliefs in the Souls of Animals, Plants, and Things |
|
|
511 | (2) |
|
Chapter 19 Supernatural Beings in the Beliefs and Religious Practices of Indians in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
513 | (32) |
|
Supernatural Beings in Hispanic-Christian Beliefs Adopted by the Indians |
|
|
513 | (9) |
|
Supernatural Beings in Indigenous Beliefs in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
522 | (14) |
|
The God of Maize, Great Culture Hero of the Sierra de Puebla |
|
|
536 | (2) |
|
Quetzalcoatl as Culture Hero in the Sierra, Precursor of Christ |
|
|
538 | (7) |
|
Chapter 20 The Non-Syncretic Religion of the Last Nahuas of Central Mexico |
|
|
545 | (18) |
|
|
|
548 | (4) |
|
|
|
552 | (2) |
|
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
|
554 | (4) |
|
Context of the Evangelization of Central Mexico |
|
|
558 | (3) |
|
|
|
561 | (2) |
|
Chapter 21 Religious Syncretism among Today's Indians in the Sierra Norte de Puebla |
|
|
563 | (10) |
| Bibliography |
|
573 | (26) |
| Index |
|
599 | |
