|
List of Tables and Figures |
|
|
xi | |
| Foreword |
|
xiii | |
| Preface |
|
xv | |
| Editorial Staff |
|
xvii | |
| Introduction |
|
3 | (1) |
| Organization of the Sixth Edition |
|
4 | (1) |
| Specific Changes in the Sixth Edition |
|
4 | (2) |
| How to Use the Publication Manual |
|
6 | (3) |
|
Writing for the Behavioral and Social Sciences |
|
|
9 | (12) |
|
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
Ethical and Legal Standards in Publishing |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
Ensuring the Accuracy of Scientific Knowledge |
|
|
12 | (4) |
|
Ethical Reporting of Research Results |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Data Retention and Sharing |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Duplicate and Piecemeal Publication of Data |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Protecting the Rights and Welfare of Research Participants |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
Rights and Confidentiality of Research Participants |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
Protecting Intellectual Property Rights |
|
|
18 | (3) |
|
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Author's Copyright on an Unpublished Manuscript |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Planning for Ethical Compliance |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
Manuscript Structure and Content |
|
|
21 | (40) |
|
Journal Article Reporting Standards |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
|
|
23 | (17) |
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
Author's Name (Byline) and Institutional Affilication |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
|
|
29 | (3) |
|
|
|
32 | (3) |
|
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
Appendices and Supplemental Materials |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
|
|
40 | (21) |
|
Writing Clearly and Concisely |
|
|
61 | (26) |
|
|
|
61 | (4) |
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
Organizing a Manuscript With Headings |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
|
|
65 | (5) |
|
Continuity in Presentation of Ideas |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
|
68 | (2) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Strategies to Improve Writing Style |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Reducing Bias in Language |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
General Guidelines for Reducing Bias |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
Describe at the Appropriate Level of Specificity |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
Acknowledge Participation |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
|
73 | (4) |
|
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Racial and Ethnic Identity |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Historical and Interpretive Inaccuracies |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
77 | (10) |
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Agreement of Subject and Verb |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers and Use of Adverbs |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
Relative Pronouns and Subordinate Conjunctions |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
84 | (3) |
|
|
|
87 | (38) |
|
|
|
87 | (9) |
|
Spacing After Punctuation Marks |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Double or Single Quotation Marks |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
96 | (5) |
|
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
|
97 | (4) |
|
|
|
101 | (3) |
|
Words Beginning a Sentence |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Major Words in Titles and Headings |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Proper Nouns and Trade Names |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Nouns Followed by Numerals or Letters |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
Names of Conditions or Groups in an Experiment |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
Names of Factors, Variables, and Effects |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
|
|
106 | (5) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
Explanation of Abbreviations |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
Abbreviations Accepted as Words |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
Abbreviations Used Often in APA Journals |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (2) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Abbreviations Beginning a Sentence |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
Numbers Expressed in Numberals |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Numbers Expressed in Words |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
Combining Numerals and Words to Express Numbers |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Statistical and Mathematical Copy |
|
|
116 | (7) |
|
Selecting Effective Presentation |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
References for Statistics |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Spacing, Alignment, and Punctuation |
|
|
118 | (5) |
|
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Preparing Statistical and Mathematical Copy |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
125 | (44) |
|
General Guidance on Tables and Figures |
|
|
125 | (3) |
|
Purposes of Data Displays |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Design and Preparation of a Data Display |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
Graphical Versus Textual Presentation |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
Formatting Tables and Figures |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Permission to Reproduce Data Displays |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
128 | (22) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Relation of Tables and Text |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
|
130 | (3) |
|
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
Confidence Intervals in Tables |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
Presenting Data in Specific Types of Tables |
|
|
141 | (9) |
|
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
|
150 | (11) |
|
Principles of Figure Use and Construction |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
|
152 | (6) |
|
Figure Legends and Captions |
|
|
158 | (3) |
|
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
Presenting Electrophysiological, Radiological, and Other Biological Data |
|
|
161 | (8) |
|
Electrophysiological Data |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Radiological (Imaging) Data |
|
|
162 | (3) |
|
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
|
|
167 | (2) |
|
|
|
169 | (24) |
|
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
|
|
170 | (4) |
|
Direct Quotation of Sources |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
Direct Quotations of Online Material Without Pagination |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Changes From the Source Requiring No Explanation |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Changes From the Source Requiring Explanation |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Citations Within Quotations |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Permission to Quote, Reprint, or Adapt |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Citing References in Text |
|
|
174 | (6) |
|
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
One Work by Multiple Authors |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
Authors With the Same Surname |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
Works With No Identified Author or With an Anonymous Author |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Citing Specific Parts of a Source |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
Citations in Parenthetical Material |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
|
180 | (3) |
|
Construction of an Accurate and Complete Reference List |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Using the Archival Copy or Version of Record |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Order of References in the Reference List |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
References Included in a Meta-Analysis |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
|
183 | (10) |
|
Author and Editor Information |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Electronic Sources and Locator Information |
|
|
187 | (2) |
|
Providing Publication Data for Electronic Sources |
|
|
189 | (4) |
|
|
|
193 | (32) |
|
|
|
193 | (5) |
|
|
|
198 | (18) |
|
|
|
198 | (4) |
|
Books, Reference Books, and Book Chapters |
|
|
202 | (3) |
|
Technical and Research Reports |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Reviews and Peer Commentary |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
Data Sets, Software, Measurement Instruments, and Apparatus |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
Unpublished and Informally Published Works |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
Archival Documents and Collections |
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
Internet Message Boards, Electronic Mailing Lists, and Other Online Communities |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
References to Legal Materials |
|
|
216 | (9) |
|
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Text Citations of Legal Materials |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Court Decisions (Bluebook Rule 10) |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
Statutes (Bluebook Rule 12) |
|
|
219 | (2) |
|
Legislative Materials (Bluebook Rule 13) |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
Administrative and Executive Materials (Bluebook Rule 14) |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
|
225 | (20) |
|
|
|
225 | (3) |
|
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Manuscript Acceptance or Rejection |
|
|
226 | (2) |
|
|
|
228 | (17) |
|
Preparing the Manuscript for Submission |
|
|
228 | (3) |
|
Complying With Ethical, Legal, and Policy Requirements |
|
|
231 | (5) |
|
Publisher Policy Requirements |
|
|
236 | (3) |
|
Working with the Publisher When the Manuscript Has Been Accepted |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Checklist for Manuscript Submission |
|
|
240 | (5) |
| Appendix: Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS), Meta-Analysis Reporting Standards (MARS), and Flow of Participants Through Each Stage of an Experiment or Quasi-Experiment |
|
245 | (10) |
| References |
|
255 | (4) |
| Index |
|
259 | |
